Category Trade Disputes

Comments to the United States Trade Representative Regarding South Africa Country Practice Review

PIJIP Director Sean Fiil-Flynn and North-West University Professor Klaus Beiter submitted comments to the U.S. Treade Representative related to the annual review of the eligibility of sub-Saharan African countries to receive the benefits of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA). Their submission counters claims made by the International Intellectual Property Alliance regarding South Africa’s compliance with international copyright treaties.

Sen. Tillis Asks USTR to “Prioritize Strong Intellectual Property Protections” in Agreement with India

Thom Tillis, Chairman of the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Intellectual Property, has written U.S Trade Representative (USTR) Robert Lighthizer asking him to "prioritize strong intellectual property protections" in a trade agreement currently under negotiation with India. His letter states that "India has an unusually restrictive market when it comes to biopharmaceutical innovations," and notes that it is regularly included in the Special 301 Report.

Google Submission to USTR, re: South Africa GSP Review

[Google, Inc.] South Africa has made strong progress in crafting a fair use system that is closely modeled on the U.S. legal framework, including a four-factor test drawn from 17 U.S.C. § 107 that strikes an appropriate balance between the interests of authors, creators, and users. The adoption of fair use in South Africa would clearly benefit U.S. exporters, particularly when the alternative is a legal system that is less consistent with U.S. law.

Why South Africa Should Resist US Pressure to Extend Copyright Terms

[Paul Heald] The current term of copyright in South Africa is life-of-the-author plus 50 years. But the US is pressuring South Africa to extend the term to life-plus-70. Since the US is a net exporter of copyrighted media, like songs, books, and movies, US copyrights earn billions in revenue yearly. The US wants to prolong this trade imbalance as long as possible and deny foreigners free access to older US works.

A Review of Copyright Exceptions for Quotation – How Often Do Laws Include “Permitted Purposes?”

[Mike Palmedo and Margarita Gorospé] In April 2019, IIPA petitioned USTR to review South Africa's GSP benefits, alleging it fails to provide "adequate and effective" protection of copyrighted works... IIPA notes the following concern with the quotations exception in South Africa's Copyright Amendments Bill: "Section 12B(1)(a) provides a broad and circular exception for quotation, permitting any quotation provided that 'the extent thereof shall not exceed the extent reasonably justified by the purpose,' but without enumerating the permitted purposes, for example, criticism and review." However, this type of language is not uncommon.

Post-Hearing Statement to USTR, re: Generalized System of Preferences Review of South Africa

[Sean Flynn and Peter Jaszi] This statement provides additional information in regard to the complaint by IIPA against South Africa in both the GSP docket... As explained by the many participants in the public hearing, all of the issues complained about in the Copyright Amendments Bill (CAB) have analogues in U.S. law or in the law of other countries that have not been challenged by the U.S. (including in the Special 301 process or in any WTO or other trade forum). Accordingly, sanctioning South Africa for these rules would lack a “general” basis and could also be considered arbitrary and capricious under the Administrative Procedures Act.

Post-Hearing Statement to USTR, re: Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) Review of South Africa

[Sean Flynn and Peter Jaszi] This statement provides additional information in regard to the complaint by IIPA against South Africa in both the GSP docket... As explained by the many participants in the public hearing, all of the issues complained about in the Copyright Amendments Bill (CAB) have analogues in U.S. law or in the law of other countries that have not been challenged by the U.S. (including in the Special 301 process or in any WTO or other trade forum). Accordingly, sanctioning South Africa for these rules would lack a “general” basis and could also be considered arbitrary and capricious under the Administrative Procedures Act.

Request to Testify and Public Comment, re: GSP Review of South Africa

...I would like to start with the standard of review in this matter. As noted in the Federal Register Notice, and as included in the relevant statutes, the statutory standard is “adequate and effective intellectual property” ... The plain language of the statutes would suggest that this is a minimum standard. South Africa has a full panoply of intellectual property rights statutes that meet the requirements of all relevant international treaties. The inquiry should end there.

Comment to USTR for the 2019 GSP Review of South Africa

[Mike Palmedo and Andres Izquierdo] Our submission demonstrates that it is common for countries to allow the use of copyrighted works for educational purposes – even full works – without the authorization of the copyright owner. We reviewed the copyright laws all the Members of the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO) and the WIPO Group of Latin American and Caribbean Countries (GRULAC) – a total of 38 countries.

Making Sense of South Africa’s New Copyright Bill and US Trade Threats

The Office of the US Trade Representative has announced a review of South Africa’s eligibility for Generalised System of Preferences benefits. The office took the step after it was petitioned by the International Intellectual Property Alliance, a private sector coalition representing large US entertainment companies. At issue is South Africa’s Copyright Amendment Bill, which has been waiting for the South African president’s signature for eight months. Charl Blignaut asked Professor Sean Flynn and lawyer Jonathan Band to explain the issues.

Top Trade Officials from US and South Africa to Meet Over Copyright Amendments Bill Dispute

The Daily Maverick reports that South African Minister of Trade and Industry Ebrahim Patel and U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer will soon meet to discuss a dispute over South Africa's proposed Copyright Amendments Bill. The U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) has launched a formal review of South Africa's trade benefits through the General System of Preferences (GSP), to investigate whether the Amendments violate the GSP's eligibility criterion that beneficiary countries provide" provide adequate and effective protection of intellectual property rights." It is doing so at the request of the International Intellectual Property Alliance, a US-based trade group representing publishers.