[Wend Wendland] The continent-wide free trade zone created by the Agreement Establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area (the AfCFTA) has the potential to catalyse intra-African trade, boost economic development and lift tens of millions of Africans out of poverty. From a trade and development perspective, the AfCFTA advances a fresh trade model focused on inclusive and sustainable development. In recognizing the centrality of intellectual property (IP) protection in today’s economy, and the benefits of continental cooperation on IP, the AfCFTA will include a Protocol on IP, an early draft of which has been published. Finalization of the IP Protocol holds the promise of a home-grown, single, coherent and Africa-centred IP regime. This could harmonize the fragmented IP landscape of today while safeguarding national policy space on key issues, strengthen the hands of African negotiators in international forums and even help propel currently deadlocked international negotiations towards the finish line. This blog post examines the elements of the draft Protocol related to genetic resources, traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expressions (expressions of folklore). It is too soon to tell whether the IP Protocol will realise its promise and advance the policy objectives, principles and transformative potential of the AfCFTA. Future drafts of the Protocol will be followed closely by “Multilateral Matters”.